Christian Metz can rightfully be considered the founder of the semiology of cinema. This essay traces the supporting structures, and the problems connected to them, of this theoretical effort, starting first of all from the context that nourished it. The difficulties associated with both the construction of a general semiology and the use of its categories in cinema and artistic languages emerge.

Excerpt from Contributi Ad una Teoria Filosofica Dell' Ordine Giuridico Non vi è neppure una pagina di questo lavoro, che sia una semplice versione dal testo francese; non vi e' neppure un paragrafo, nella stesura del quale io abbia tenuto dinanzi agli occhi quel mio vecchio volume. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology (...) to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. (shrink)

I contributi che hanno risposto alla call for papers di questo numero sulla “filosofia della città” restituiscono uno spettro estremamente diversificato. In sette articoli su dieci, tra quelli attinenti alla call, sono coinvolti autori che avevano partecipato alla conferenza “Philosophy of the City”, tenutasi a Torino nell’ottobre 2022: il presente fascicolo registra uno sviluppo parziale di quelle discussioni. L’antefatto è rilevante, perché consente di rendere esplicita la circostanza di qu...

In questo volume, dal forte tratto interdisciplinare, sono raccolti contributi che affrontano il tema delle abitudini estetiche sia dal punto di vista teorico che da quello pratico e applicativo. Infatti, le abitudini sono un aspetto fondamentale dell’esistenza delle persone. Spesso le diamo per scontate, ma in realtà sono dotate di una profonda dimensione sociale, culturale ed estetica. Le abitudini, che organizzano le specifiche forme di vita di un’epoca e di una cultura, assumono la dimensione di stili collettivi che ne (...) manifestano lo specifico ethos e forgiano esteticamente anche i luoghi dove le diverse pratiche umane vengono esercitate. Così, l’ambiente urbano è espressione delle abitudini che organizzano e regolano la vita di una cultura, dando forma a risorse, capacità e attitudini percettive, affettive, espressive, simboliche, cognitive ed immaginative. (shrink)

Il volume raccoglie saggi dedicati alla Fenomenologia dello spirito di G.W.F. Hegel e ad alcune sue principali interpretazioni. A scritti dal taglio più nettamente storiografico che ne ricostruiscono le influenze in autori quali Marx, Gentile, Heidegger, Kojève, Paci, Lacan e Brandom, si affiancano contributi volti a ricostruire alcuni nodi categoriali che, sollecitati dal testo hegeliano, hanno segnato le riflessioni etiche, teoretiche, filosofico-politiche e psicoanalitiche successive: dialettica, cultura, negazione, desiderio, corpo, fenomeno, riconoscimento. Questa raccolta non intende quindi né riproporre la (...) lettera del testo hegeliano, né avanzare una sua specifica interpretazione. Piuttosto, gli autori hanno condiviso lo sforzo di illustrare in actu exercito le possibilità di movimento tra questi due estremi – testo e interpretazione – tra cui la cultura filosofica si muove. Attraverso questo movimento la Fenomenologia dello spirito continua a produrre filosofia, ossia ad essere occasione e strumento per la comprensione del “proprio tempo col pensiero”. (shrink)

Social interaction, especially for older people living alone is a challenge currently facing human-robot interaction (HRI). There has been little research on user preference towards HRI interfaces. In this paper, we took both objective observations and participants’ opinions into account in studying older users with a robot partner. The developed dual-modal robot interface offered older users options of speech or touch screen to perform tasks. Fifteen people aged from 70 to 89 years old, participated. We analyzed the spontaneous actions of (...) the participants, including their attentional activities and conversational activities, the temporal characteristics of these social behaviours, as well as questionnaires. It has been revealed that social engagement with the robot demonstrated by older people was no different from what might be expected towards a human partner. This study is an early attempt to reveal the social connections between human beings and a personal robot in real life. (shrink)

The recent global outspread of the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the lives of people across multiple countries including athletes, coaches, and supporting staff. Along with everybody else, coaches found themselves constrained to an at-home self-isolation, which limited their ability to normally engage with their profession and to interact with their athletes. This situation may also have impacted their own psychological well-being. With this study, we explored coaches’ perceptions of stress in relation to their emotion regulation strategies depending upon their gender (...) and competitive level. A sample of 2272 Italian coaches were surveyed during the period of lockdown. Mean values for perceived stress and emotion regulation strategies were compared to normative data of the two instruments as reported in the original studies. Furthermore, two Multivariate analyses of variance were completed to observe the potential differences in the coaches’ emotion regulation strategies and perception of stress. Finally, a blockwise regression analysis was run to assess how coaches’ emotion regulation strategies impacted upon their perception of stress. Both women and men reported higher levels of perceived stress than those reported in the normative data. Similarly, average scores for emotion regulation strategies were significantly different from those reported for normative data, in particular, coaches reported slightly higher use of emotion regulation strategies than participants in the original study. Significant gender-based differences emerged in terms of emotional regulations, with men adopting more suppression than women. No differences by competitive level were found. In terms of perceived stress, male coaches and elite coaches showed to be more in control of the situation than female coaches and non-elite coaches, respectively, while women experienced more negative stress than men. The blockwise regression evidenced how reappraisal resulted to be predictive in helping coaches to reduce their perception of stress, while suppression predicted higher stress perceptions. (shrink)

When the language-dominant hemisphere is damaged by a focal lesion, the brain may reorganize the language network through functional and structural changes known as adaptive plasticity. Adaptive plasticity is documented for triggers including ischemic, tumoral, and epileptic focal lesions, with effects in clinical practice. Many questions remain regarding language plasticity. Different lesions may induce different patterns of reorganization depending on pathologic features, location in the brain, and timing of onset. Neuroimaging provides insights into language plasticity due to its non-invasiveness, ability (...) to image the whole brain, and large-scale implementation. This review provides an overview of language plasticity on MRI with insights for patient care. First, we describe the structural and functional language network as depicted by neuroimaging. Second, we explore language reorganization triggered by stroke, brain tumors, and epileptic lesions and analyze applications in clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. By comparing different focal lesions, we investigate determinants of language plasticity including lesion location and timing of onset, longitudinal evolution of reorganization, and the relationship between structural and functional changes. (shrink)

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between contextual work-related factors on the one hand, in terms of job demands (i.e., risk factors) and job resources (i.e., protective factors), and work-family conflict in teachers on the other. Building on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, we hypothesized that job demands, namely qualitative and quantitative workload, are positively associated with work-family conflict in teachers. Moreover, in line with the buffer hypothesis of the JD-R, we expected job resources, in terms (...) of support from supervisor, job autonomy, and participation in decision making, to affect this association, which is expected to be stronger when job resources are low. The study was conducted in an Italian secondary school. Overall, 122 teachers completed a self-report questionnaire aimed at determining work-family conflict, as well as job demands and resources. The hypothesized relationships were tested using moderated multiple regression. The results of this study largely support our predictions. First, both aspects of workload were positively associated with work-family conflict. Secondly, job resources, including support from supervisor and participation in decision making, buffered this association, which was stronger when resources were low. On the contrary, job autonomy did not buffer the association between workload and work-family conflict. Overall, the results of this study are consistent with the Job Demands-Resources model and contribute to to the understanding of work–family conflict among teachers. More specifically, our study suggests that teachers with high levels of job resources, namely support from supervisor and participation in decision making, can effectively cope with job demands, in terms of both qualitative and quantitative workload, thus preventing negative consequences such as conflict between work and family domains. Interventions aimed at preventing work-family conflict among teachers should encourage organizations to optimize the balance between job demands and resources, as well as the identification and training of the workers at risk of work-family conflict. (shrink)

Robots are versatile devices that are promising tools for supporting teaching and learning in the classroom or at home. In fact, robots can be engaging and motivating, especially for young children. This paper presents an experimental study with 81 kindergarten children on memorizations of two tales narrated by a humanoid robot. The variables of the study are the content of the tales (knowledge or emotional) and the different social behaviour of the narrators: static human, static robot, expressive human, and expressive (...) robot. Results suggest a positive effect of the expressive behaviour in robot storytelling, whose effectiveness is comparable to a human with the same behaviour and better when compared with a static inexpressive human. Higher efficacy is achieved by the robot in the tale with knowledge content, while the limited capability to express emotions made the robot less effective in the tale with emotional content. (shrink)

In Proclus’Platonic Theology(V 17, 62. 22–63. 2) one can detect a clear recollection of the well-known and much discussed passage 1048b18–35 fromMetaphysicsIX 6. This passage is transmitted in only one branch of the manuscript tradition and some scholars maintain that it is not by Aristotle or that it does not belong to hisMetaphysics. On the other hand, Proclus’ testimony, supported by other passages by Neo-Platonic authors, provides an argument for the original location of the discussed section in Aristotle’sMetaphysics.

Nell’articolo vengono individuati tre punti in cui il testo tràdito delle Meditazioni di Cartesio dev’essere corretto. Va segnalato che l’autore delle seconde e delle seste obiezioni alle Meditazioni, è Mersenne; nel quale viene identificato anche il cosiddetto, tradizionalmente, "Hyperaspistes", autore di ulteriori obiezioni. Si propone di datare il frammento La recherche de la vérité nella seconda metà del 1641.

Nel pensiero di Giovanni Scoto Eriugena si può ritrovare un rapporto analogico sussistente tra Dio e la natura umana. Ultimo dei grandi neoplatonici, egli propone un sistema filosofico caratterizzato da un movimento universale distinto in tre momenti: la creazione, lo sviluppo e il ritorno. Essi sono identificati rispettivamente al pensiero, alla parola e alla comprensione; tutti e tre mostrano l’analogia tra il creatore e la sua creatura. Nel principio, le cause primordiali di tutte le cose consistono in definizioni, pensate da (...) Dio tramite l’intelletto umano. Nell’operazione che le sviluppa nei loro effetti, queste cause sono pronunciate nel e dal Verbo secondo le regole della dialettica, per essere ricevute e intese dall’uomo. Infine, il ritorno all’unità originaria coincide con la comprensione dell’universo, attraverso uno studio della scrittura e della natura, strumenti necessari a ricostituire la natura umana infranta dal peccato originale e permetterne la deificazione. Lo studio dei rapporti analogici che si presentano costantemente in queste tre tappe universali permette di mostrare l’originalità della filosofia eriugeniana e la sua capacità di rielaborare in maniera inedita alcuni tra i maggiori concetti filosofici della tradizione tardoantica. In the thought of John Scottus Eriugena, an analogical relationship may be found between God and human nature. Last of the great Neo-Platonists, he proposes a philosophical system distinguished by a universal movement divided into three moments: creation, development and return. They are identified respectively with thought, speech and understanding; all three show the analogy between the creator and his creature. In the beginning, the primordial causes of all things consist in definitions, conceived by God through the human intellect. In the operation that develops them into their effects, these causes are pronounced in and by the Verb according to the rules of dialectics, to be received and understood by Man. Finally, the return to the original unity coincides with the understanding of the universe, through a study of scripture and nature, instruments necessary to reconstitute human nature shattered by the original sin and allow its deification. The study of the analogical relationships that constantly arise in these three universal stages allows us to show the originality of Eriugenian philosophy and its ability to rework philosophical concepts from the late antique tradition in a novel way. (shrink)

L’articolo intende sondare la fondatezza ontologica di una categoria personologica fondamentale, in particolare in ambito ecclesiologico: il “noi”. Tale ricerca si sviluppa soprattutto nella sua rilevanza trinitaria, a partire dall’apporto offerto dal teologo tedesco Heribert Mühlen, il quale, nella sua opera pneumatologica Der Heilige Geist als Person. In der Trinität, bei der Inkarnation und im Gnadenbund: Ich-Du-Wir, approfondisce questo tema insieme ad altre tre parole-chiave: “io”, “tu”, “tra”.

Because of the steady involvement of organisms in evolutionary dynamics, of the frequent occurrence of uniparental reproduction and of the diverse outcome of hybridisation events, the species category does not easily apply to a sizeable part of the living world. Problematic is also often the use of the category of the individual, especially in the case of polyembryony, and the distinction between metamorphosis of the individual and metagenesis (alternation of generations) is also often uncertain. More generally, fixing origins is commonly (...) arbitrary, in respect to phylogeny (‘origin’ of species) and ontogeny (‘origin’ of individual) alike. (shrink)

Nel 1726 lo scozzese Walter Bowman intrattenne una corrispondenza con Samuel Clarke su «the power of self-motion», un argomento che Clarke aveva trattato nella sua Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God. Le due lettere inedite di Clarke, qui presentate, sono parte di quella vasta corrispondenza che il teologo ebbe con filosofi e uomini di lettere dopo la pubblicazione della Demonstration. In questo saggio si ricostruiscono gli argomenti di Clarke, in primo luogo quelli relativi alla dimostrazione dell’esistenza di Dio, (...) evidenziando le influenze di Cartesio, Locke e Newton. I commenti di Bowman, raccolti insieme alle lettere nella sua opera Fugitive Manuscripts, ci aiutano a vedere come Clarke elabori una teoria meccanicistica dell’azione e, come emerge dalle lettere, debba successivamente precisarla ricorrendo a due principi: «Pain is to be avoided and Novelties are to be attended with a sort of curiosity». (shrink)